By R. V. Stuart
Vacuum expertise is advancing and increasing so speedily significant hassle for many businesses within the box is discovering certified technicians wanted for growth and as replacements. the one recourse for many businesses is to rent able, notwithstanding untrained, humans to coach them in-house. one of many difficulties during this plan of action is that it again and again attracts at the precious time of skilled team of workers to Read more...
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Additional info for Vacuum Technology, Thin Films, and Sputtering. An Introduction
Sample text
E . , p /p. H a d w e n e e d e d s o m e ratio o t h e r t h a n 1 0 , w e w o u l d h a v e c a l c u l a t e d t h a t ratio a n d u s e d it i n s t e a d o f 1 0 . W e w o u l d h a v e m a d e t h e e q u a t i o n 2 = ρ J ρ a n d t a k e n l o g a r i t h m s to g e t log 2 = l o g ( p / p ) , or η l o g 2 = l o g ( p / p ) . T h e n u m b e r o f h a l f t u r n s is p r o p o r t i o n a l to t i m e t; i . e . , η = k t, w h e r e k is a c o n s t a n t o f p r o p o r t i o n a l i t y .
T h e i o n m a y b e a t t r a c t e d to e i t h e r t h e f i l a m e n t or t h e collector d e p e n d i n g o n w h e r e t h e c o l l i s i o n o c c u r r e d in t h e t u b e . E l e c t r o n s are e m i t t e d b y t h e f i l a m e n t w h e n it is h e a t e d to a sufficiently h i g h t e m p e r a t u r e . T h e f i l a m e n t p o w e r s u p p l y p r o v i d e s a n a c v o l t a g e o f n e a r 6 V to h e a t t h e f i l a m e n t to e m i s s i o n t e m p e r a t u r e .
A t a p r e s s u r e o f 1 m T o r r t h i s n u m b e r is ( 4 . 2 8 x 1 0 / c m ) / s e c . T h i s n u m b e r , w e recall, is p r o p o r t i o n a l t o p r e s s u r e , s o if t h e p r e s s u r e is r e d u c e d to 0 . 5 m T o r r , t h e n t h e n u m b e r o f air m o l e c u l e s i m p i n g i n g p e r s q u a r e c e n t i m e t e r e a c h s e c o n d d r o p s t o 2 . 1 4 x 1 0 . In g e n e r a l , if t h e p r e s s u r e ρ is g i v e n in millitorr, t h e n ( 4 . 2 8 x 1 0 ) ρ g a s m o l e c u l e s p e r s q u a r e c e n t i m e t e r l e a v e t h e p u m p i n g p o r t b y ran d o m m o t i o n e a c h s e c o n d .