
By John B. West MD PhD
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Extra resources for Respiratory Physiology: The Essentials
Sample text
Diffusion through a tissue sheet. The amount of gas transferred is proportional to the area (A), a diffusion constant (D), and the difference in partial pressure (P1 − P2), and is inversely proportional to the thickness (T). The constant is proportional to the gas solubility (Sol) but inversely proportional to the square root of its molecular weight (MW). indd d 25 25 6/18/2011 6/18/ 8/2 /2011 9:49:16 9:49:16 AM 26 Chapter 3 Fick’s Law of Diffusion • The rate of diffusion of a gas through a tissue slice is proportional to the area but inversely proportional to the thickness • Diffusion rate is proportional to the partial pressure difference • Diffusion rate is proportional to the solubility of the gas in the tissue but inversely proportional to the square root of the molecular weight ▲ Diffusion and Perfusion Limitations Suppose a red blood cell enters a pulmonary capillary of an alveolus that contains a foreign gas such as carbon monoxide or nitrous oxide.
In addition, the rate of transfer is proportional to a diffusion constant, which depends on the properties of the tissue and the particular gas. The constant is proportional to the solubility of the gas and inversely proportional to the square root of the molecular weight (Figure 3-1). This means that CO2 diffuses about 20 times more rapidly than does O2 through tissue sheets because it has a much higher solubility but not a very different molecular weight. O2 P2 Are a CO2 Vgas ∝ A . D . (P1 – P2) T D∝ Sol MW P1 Thickness Figure 3-1.
Q UEST I O N S For each question, choose the one best answer. 1. Using Fick’s law of diffusion of gases through a tissue slice, if gas X is 4 times as soluble and 4 times as dense as gas Y, what is the ratio of the diffusion rates of X to Y? A. B. C. D. E. 5 2 4 8 2. An exercising subject breathes a low concentration of CO in a steady state. 5 mm Hg and the CO uptake is 30 ml·min−1, what is the diffusing capacity of the lung for CO in ml·min−1·mm·Hg−1? A. B. C. D. E. 20 30 40 50 60 3. In a normal person, doubling the diffusing capacity of the lung would be expected to A.